تحلیل ویژگی‌های بصری سنگ‌نگاره‌های پیشاتاریخی «دره نگاران» در سراوان

Petroglyphs can be considered as the first reflection of human thought on stone canvases that carry messages from past social and natural history. These works can be seen in all regions of the world, and the reason for this is the availability of its raw material, which includes scraping tools and slates, which are abundant in nature. The study of petroglyphs is important in the studies of art and human sciences since it includes the beliefs and way of life of people in the past.

Petroglyphs are a type of rock art that has a wide geographic range in the world and in terms of time spans from the New Neolithic to the modern era. This art is one of the first known types of human art, some of which have been carefully studied and dated in the world. The use of the surface of stones and rocks as a suitable platform for recording art, thought and belief has continued since the Paleolithic era until the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age and even recent centuries; But it is from the Bronze Age and the historical period that the creation of another type of rock motifs, that is, reliefs, is popular. It should be noted that the way of creating primitive petroglyphs from the Paleolithic period to the present age was created with the cultural and material support of societies that had a primitive and simple life, and for this reason these works have simple and general features that can be created by any person. come up Considering these points, regardless of the age of the motifs, anthropologists think about them and the hidden concepts behind them.

Rock art is a specific example of a world art that has the longest history among other known arts in the world. This art is one of the most important branches of visual arts. Because it not only shows the first known manifestations of the artistic and aesthetic sensibility of the distant human ancestors in many parts of the world, but it is one of the most common ways of expressing messages and human culture.

The painters of the era of hunting, the subjects they chose for their art are mostly animals (such as wild cows, two-humped camels, and mountain goats with large and elongated horns), which can be seen in various styles in most of the scenes. Predator motifs and people fighting with each other and images of the moon and the sun are other subjects of these petroglyphs.

Our ancestors depicted and engraved their beliefs, ideas and sanctities in their habitats and sometimes on their life utensils and accessories (pottery, stone carvings, brooches). These motifs and images express various messages that artistic engravers and painters have conceptualized in such a way that today those motifs and images speak to their connoisseurs and experts and connoisseurs feel pleasure next to them. These art creations existed in the past of most nations of the world. For example, we can see antelope patterns in different climates. Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Yemen, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, even California, Arizona and Colorado in America. Considering that their design style is different; But all of them have an undoubted similarity in one principle. Message and rock art.

Research on rock carvings is one of the research topics in Iranian archeology that has been of great interest in the last few years, and if the research in this area of archeology is carried out in a scientific manner in the future, it can gain a suitable place for itself in the world.

In terms of rock art research in Iran, areas such as Humian Kohdasht and Timreh historical region have received more attention from archaeologists. North Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchistan and Hamedan have also taken place. The point to ponder is why, despite the fact that Iran is one of the important countries in terms of abundance and distribution of rock carvings in Asia, it has been less scientifically and expertly investigated by researchers. The discoveries of Ghalib rock art works happened after the knowledge of local people or during archaeological investigations, and this shows that even the investigations in this field are carried out in a non-specialist manner. The research results are mostly in the form of visual and descriptive reports, which in a few cases have been used to analyze motifs and important discussions such as chronology and motifs. Also, the chronology of these works, which in Iran is based on probabilities and in a relative manner, is presented with weak and wrong interpretations. In relative chronology, it is necessary to analyze and interpret the environmental landscape of the works, as well as the archaeological evidences obtained from the investigated area (from various periods) and the stylistic and thematic similarities between these motifs and the motifs on other archaeological findings from prehistoric times to In the present era, these issues have received little attention in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the visual characteristics and themes used in the preference of valleys in Saravan in an analytical descriptive way. To this end, it has been briefly discussed discussing the art of stone -writing in the pre -historic periods of Iran and the world, as well as the climate and history of Sistan and Baluchistan and the historical monuments of this area. In the third chapter dedicated to the findings of the study, about 5 of the rocky motifs in the Saravan Valley are examined separately and the visual characteristics and themes that each have been reflected are analyzed. The results of the studies in this study indicate that these pre -historic valleys are visually moving and dynamic. So that the motifs, although a simple appearance, show the way the motifs induced the inner movement to the viewer, and the curved lines of the animal or human body are well illustrated in these motifs. Horse -riding man, a bow, no bow and animal motifs such as goats, dogs, cows,